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Kensington (Olympia) station in Kensington, West London is managed and served by London Overground and also served by Southern and London Underground. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. On the Underground it is the terminus of a short District line branch, built as part of the Middle Circle, from ; on the main-line railway it is on the West London Line from to , by which many trains bypass Central London. The station's name is drawn from its location in Kensington and the adjacent Olympia exhibition centre. ==History== A station was opened by the West London Railway as its southern terminus on 27 May 1844 as "Kensington", just south of Hammersmith Road; it closed at the end of November 1844 due to the losses made. A scant and erratic goods service continued, the line re-opened to passengers with a new station called "Addison Road" on 2 June 1862, to the north of Hammersmith Road. Great Western Railway trains started serving the station in 1863, with London & North Western Railway trains arriving in 1872. A link to the Hammersmith & City Railway enabled the "Middle Circle" service to operate via Paddington to the north and South Kensington to the south. From 1869, the London & South Western Railway operated trains from Richmond to London Waterloo via Addison Road, until their branch via Shepherd's Bush closed in 1916. By 1907 the Middle Circle had been replaced by four Hammersmith & City line trains an hour. The station appears on the first 'London Underground' map in 1908 with Metropolitan and District Railway services.〔For the 1908 London Underground Map see commons.〕 In 1940, Addison Road and the link to the Metropolitan line at Latimer Road closed along with the other West London Line stations, In 1946 it was renamed "Kensington (Olympia)" and became the northern terminus of a peak-hour shuttle service to Clapham Junction, which was mainly for workers at the Post Office Savings Bank (later National Savings Bank) in nearby Blythe Road.〔Glover, J. ''London's Overground'', Hersham, Ian Allan, 2012, pp35-36〕 There was also a District line shuttle to Earl's Court. The current District line bay platform opened in 1958, but the 1872 connection between the District and the main line south of the station was not finally lifted until 1992. The West London Line has always been a main freight route from north of London to the south-east of England, but passenger services at Kensington (Olympia) were minimal-although it was used briefly as a terminus for Western Region trains in 1967 during resignalling work at . Until 1986, the only British Rail trains were the peak-hour shuttle service to (operated by Western Region diesel trains) on the Southern Region and Motorail services; occasional inter-regional InterCity workings also ran through without stopping. London Underground ran a shuttle train from Earl's Court only when an exhibition was on at Olympia. From 12 May 1986, services at the station were greatly enhanced. The London Underground shuttle service started to run to a regular daily schedule, and the inter-regional services from the Midlands and northern England were increased in frequency and now stopped at the station. Southern Region destinations included , and . These were operated by the InterCity division of British Rail, then after privatisation by Virgin CrossCountry and later CrossCountry. Destinations included , , and and , but by the time these services were withdrawn in October 2008 only two daily Brighton–Manchester journeys were operated. There were two bay platforms on the south-eastern side mainly used by services from Clapham Junction. In the early 1990s these were filled in and the southbound platform loop closed, with a shorter platform on the southbound main line built over the loop - longer southbound trains now cross to the northbound loop to stop. The land behind the southbound platform was sold for redevelopment. There was an Express Dairies creamery and milk bottling plant close to the station served by milk trains from the Great Western Railway from Old Oak Common to a siding adjacent to the station.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Torrington Milk Train )〕 In the event of nuclear war seeming imminent, the station was the designated London muster point for staff in transit to the Central Government War Headquarters (codenamed "Burlington").〔U.K. Government War Book 1962 (National Archives Reference CAB 175/13 ).〕 In 1994, a full passenger service between Willesden Junction and Clapham Junction was reinstated after a gap of 54 years.〔''London Railway Atlas'', J. Brown (Ian Allan, 2009)〕 Before Eurostar transferred in November 2007 to St Pancras International, Eurostar trains passed through the station going from Waterloo International station to North Pole depot, and the station was a backup terminus for the services should Waterloo International have become unusable with immigration facilities were maintained there. The planned Regional Eurostar and Nightstar services were to call at platform 2 to undertake border control procedures. The services to Plymouth and Swansea were scheduled to change motive power from a British Rail Class 92 to a Class 37/6 here. The link to the Great Western Main Line at North Pole Junction, to the north, avoiding Paddington station, meant that the station was to play an important role in the Cold War should a nuclear exchange have seemed likely. Secret plans entailed use of the station, in the prelude to a nuclear war, to evacuate several thousand civil servants to the Central Government War Headquarters underground bunker in Wiltshire. The ticket office was refurbished in 2011 with the upholstered seating, plants and lighting removed. A new double door entrance directly from the ticket office to the platform was installed and the old adjoining covered entrance was bricked up. People were still able to reach the footbridge from the alleyway by the side of the building and through the metal gate adjacent to it, avoiding a longer walk via the platforms. In 2012 the refurbished ticket office was closed and the entrance to the toilets from there blocked off. A new ticket office resembling a small Portakabin was built on the platform opposite the District line platform and the gate to the footbrige padlocked. The public toilets were made accessible from the doors to platform 2. In summer 2012, Transport for London said they wanted to introduce ticket gates at the station to combat fare dodgers, which would remove access to the footbridge used by local residents for years.〔https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Directory/News/Hare_brained_plan_to_close_Olympia_footbridge.asp〕 Both the councils within whose boundaries this station falls have stated that they intend to challenge this loss of an established right of way.〔https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Directory/News/Lawyers_challenge_Olympia_bridge_closure.asp〕 The plan to remove access to the footbridge was abandoned in April 2013 and instead, ticket gates would be introduced to divide the station and bridge into two separate lanes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=TfL backs down over plan to ban residents using footbridge Read more: Fulham Chronicle http://www.fulhamchronicle.co.uk/fulham-and-hammersmith-news/local-fulham-and-hammersmith-news/2013/04/15/tfl-backs-down-over-plan-to-ban-residents-using-footbridge-82029-33177288/#ixzz2RmknqI5Q )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kensington (Olympia) station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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